20 Rules for Formulating Knowledge

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Effective Learning Techniques

  1. Understand before you learn
    • Learn before you memorize
    • Understand the concepts and then break them down to be memorized
  2. Build upon the basics
    • Learning the basics first makes more complicated information easier to assimilate
  3. Stick to the minimum information principle
    • Make the cards as simple as possible
    • If you keep failing to remember, break down into multiple cards
  4. Cloze deletion is easy and effective
    • This is where you have a sentence and leave a blank that needs to be filled in
    • Speeds up learning and is effective for learners
  5. Use imagery
    • Use mnemonic techniques
    • Read about peg lists and mind maps
    • Study books by Tony Buzan
  6. Graphic deletion is as good as cloze deletion
    • Obstructing parts of a picture is good for learning
  7. Avoid sets
    • Don’t try to learn sets of things
  8. Avoid enumerations
    • Enumerations are hard to learn
  9. Combat interferences

  10. Optimize wording
    • Reduce complex sentences into simple wording
  11. Refer to other memories

  12. Personalize and provide examples

  13. Rely on emotional states
    • You are more easily able to recall information when you are in the same emotional state as when the information was learned
  14. Context cues simplify wording

  15. Redundancy does not contradict the minimum information principle
    • Remembering the same thing from different angles is good